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The Aryan Republican Army (ARA) committed 22 armed bank robberies in the Midwest from November 11,1992 to December 19, 1995. The objectives of its leaders, Richard Lee Guthrie and Peter Kevin Langan, were to raise funds for the white supremacist movement and overthrow the U.S. government. The ARA was part of the broader movement of white supremacist terrorism that weaves its presence through American history to the present. Since 2019, the Department of Homeland Security and FBI began to officially acknowledge that white supremacists are the top domestic terrorism threat.
By transforming text from FBI documents into images, this book displays the connections between white supremacist ideology, access to armaments, and violent intent. Visualizations of the case against the ARA are accurately based on items accumulated by the FBI as evidence. Bank tellers terrorized by the ARA were instrumental in breaking the case. It was ultimately the bank tellers that identified the gunmen and testified against them in court resulting in successful convictions and destruction of the organization.
Redress Papers
Auto Record: Green Kill
Auto Record is an earnest attempt to digest thousands of pages of unclassified documents created by the FBI in relation to the controversial incident in North Carolina on November 3rd, 1979, commonly known as the Greensboro Massacre. The accordion book format is used to visualize two processions of vehicles involved in the incident (one side of the booklet is the KKK and associates caravan, while the other depicts vehicles connected to the Communist Workers Party). Information provided includes weapons retrieved from the incident, a schematic of the bullet holes in the Channel 12 news car, and FBI summaries of the 5 individuals killed on that day. Information and imagery is all accurately based on or directly collaged from primary documents
"implementalis" papers
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This work reconstructs a KKK motorcade that the FBI linked to the murder of the civil rights worker Viola Liuzzo on March 25, 1965. The car that carried Liuzzo’s killers participated in a 92-car motorcade organized by the United Clans of America, Inc. that traveled through Montgomery on March 21. Auto classifieds were used to find photographs corresponding to each specific description (year, make, model and color) of the KKK affiliated vehicles identified in FBI documents. Google Map was used to create a panoramic retracing of the parade route. Another aspect of the case of Viola Liuzzo explored in the piece was the attempted sale of the vehicle that Viola Liuzzo was killed in as a "Business Opportunity" to draw crowds. ·The original classified advertisement was found on microfiche and collaged into the work. This book was created with the assistance of a Puffin Grant. ·
Attempted Fix: Dams Bases and the Resulting Woobles
Attempted Fix: Dams Bases and the Resulting Wobbles in Japan explores cross-relationships between the anti-dam and anti-U.S. military base protest movements. Factual data and historical references amassed during seven years of research in Japan are imbued with poetic associations and offered as points of departure for the reader. Unintended consequences and contradictory intentions that commonly appear in politics, protest movements, construction projects and everyday desires are explored as essential to the attempts to “fix” perceived wrongs in the world.